Overview

Transistors are fabricated from materials known as semiconductors, in which charge carrying electrons are only allowed to occupy certain discrete energy levels. As determined by quantum physics. As more electrons are added they form allowed “bands” in a prescribed manner.

Quantum technology is a field of science and engineering that uses the principles of quantum physics to create devices and applications that have extraordinary capabilities. Quantum physics is the study of the behavior of subatomic particles, such as electrons, photons, and atoms, that can exist in more than one state at the same time. This property is called quantum superposition, and it allows quantum systems to store and process information in ways that classical systems cannot.

Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of applications and sectors ranging from healthcare to Industrial manufacturing. Many countries have recognized the potential of quantum technology and are investing in it to develop computing, communication, and sensing capabilities.

Hardware development: Developing high-quality quantum hardware, such as qubits, control electronics, optical components, and cryogenic systems, is a major challenge that requires advanced materials science, nanotechnology, engineering, and physics. Different types of qubits have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of coherence time, operation speed, scalability, and error rate. For example, superconducting qubits have fast operation speed but short coherence time; trapped ion qubits have long coherence time but slow operation speed; photonic qubits have high fidelity but low scalability. Finding the optimal hardware platform for different quantum applications is an ongoing research topic.